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The fecal–oral route (or alternatively the oral–fecal route or orofecal route) is a route of transmission of a disease, when pathogens in fecal particles passing from one host are introduced into the oral cavity of another host. One main cause of fecal-oral disease transmission in developing countries is lack of adequate sanitation. The process of transmission may be simple or involve multiple steps. Some examples of routes of fecal-oral transmission include: * water that has come in contact with feces (for example due to groundwater pollution from pit latrines) and is then not treated properly before drinking; * food that has been prepared in the presence of fecal matter; * disease vectors, like houseflies, spreading contamination from inadequate fecal disposal such as open defecation; * poor or absent hand washing after using the toilet or handling feces (such as changing diapers) * poor or absent cleaning of anything that has been in contact with feces; * sexual practices that may involve oral contact with feces, such as anilingus, coprophilia or "ass to mouth". == The F-diagram about transmission routes and barriers == The "F-diagram" was first proposed in a publication by Hesperian Foundation for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2005 and has been widely used in many other sanitation publications since then. It was set up in a way that fecal-oral transmission pathways are shown to take place via nouns that start with the letter F: fingers, flies, fields, foods, and fluids (fluids stands here for polluted water - be it polluted drinking water, surface water or groundwater). The F-diagram is also used to show how proper sanitation (in particular toilets, hygiene, handwashing) can act as effective barriers to stop transmission of diseases via fecal-oral pathways. One approach to changing people's behaviors and stopping open defecation, the community-led total sanitation approach, uses "live demonstrations" of flies moving from food to fresh human feces and back to "trigger" villagers into action.〔Kal, K and Chambers, R (2008) (Handbook on Community-led Total Sanitation ), Plan UK Accessed 2015-2-26〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fecal-oral route」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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